Multifunctional magnetic ZnFe2O4-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite particles for local anti-cancer drug delivery and bacterial infection inhibition: An in vitro study

Abstract In this study, a co-precipitation method was applied to synthesize the ZnFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 Hydrxoapatite (HAp) nanostructures. The microstructure and morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were studied and well discussed. A dose-dependent biological evaluation comprising of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) antibacterial features as well as their magnetic characteristics were analyzed. The results of vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) showed nanoscaled ZnFe 2 O 4 HAp had lower saturation magnetization as well as higher coercive field than ZnFe 2 O 4 , which enables the ZnFe 2 O 4 HAp nanoparticles to stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation and adhesion. A remarkable inhibitory effect of the nanoscaled ZnFe 2 O 4 HAp was recognized on bacterial proliferation and growth in the optimal dose, 0.078 mg/L. Besides, a dose-dependent cytocompatibility tests of the nanoparticles on the HEK normal cell and G292 cancer cell was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay (MTT). All nanoparticles were cytocompatible and no cytotoxicity effect on normal and cancer cells was observed in the dose-dependent test. In addition, an in vitro test of the drug release from drug-loaded ZnFe 2 O 4 -HAp nanocarrier were investigated and well described. The Inhibitory effect of the drug-loaded ZnFe 2 O 4 -HAp nanoparticles was investigated in-vitro so that the nanoparticle possessed the ability for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and growth. By the increment of the nanoparticles concentrations, G292 cancer cell proliferation was inhibited, while, HEK normal cell proliferation was stimulated. Conclusively for the first time, a robust composite based nanostructure as a promising material was developed for multiple applications of bone filler, drug delivery and cancer treatment.