The impact of HIRAID on emergency nurses' self-efficacy, anxiety and perceived control: A simulated study

Abstract Introduction Emergency nurses must perform accurate and complete comprehensive patient assessments to establish patient treatment needs and expedite care. Aim To evaluate the impact of a structured approach to emergency nursing assessment following triage, on novice emergency nurses' anxiety, self-efficacy and perceptions of control. Methods Thirty eight early career emergency nurses from five Australian hospitals performed an initial patient assessment in an immersive clinical simulated scenario, before and after undertaking training in HIRAID, an evidence-informed patient assessment framework for emergency nurses. Immediately following each scenario the nurses completed a questionnaire scoring anxiety, self-efficacy and perceptions of control levels. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes were calculated. Results Participant anxiety levels were lower after HIRAID training compared to before undertaking the training (Mean (SD) = 53.26 (10.76) vs 47.46 (9.96), P  = 0.002). Self-efficacy levels in assessment performance increased (189.32 (66.48) vs 214.06 (51.35), P  = 0.001). There was no change in perceptions of control (31.24 (7.38) vs 30.98 (8.38), P  = 0.829). Discussion High levels of anxiety and low levels of self-efficacy are known to be negatively correlated with clinical reasoning skills and performance. Conclusion The effect of HIRAID training on reducing anxiety and increasing self-efficacy has the potential to improve emergency nurses' assessment performance and the quality and safety of patient care.