El envejecimiento: un breve relato desde un enfoque molecular

Aging is an inevitable biological process that leads all living beings toward a gradual increase in the probability of death, either by depletion of the life span of the species or by the triggering of physiological processes in response to a Toxic environment or inducer of the synthesis of harmful products to the cell. Most living beings share phenotypic changes that occur, and these changes include the decrease in the replicative potential of organism’s cells or of culture cell due to the progressive entry of some cells into senescence state. Unlike quiescence, senescence is characterized by the irreversible arrest of the cell cycle and by its secretory phenotype, which triggers the entry of the cells that surround it to a state of senescence in a secondary way. At the organismic level, the physiological alterations caused by aging decrease or cancel the tolerance to stress, the ability to re-establish the optimal function of the organism, the concomitant decrease in resilience to changes in the environment, as well as sterility, altered energy metabolism, triggering of cellular signals that lead to inflammation and diseases by old age. This review summarizes the advances in aging research, the theories that recently explain this process and the advances in achieving aging with a good quality of life allow us to stop associating old age with pain.