Absorption enhancement of macromolecule-administered intrapulmonary

Abstract Pulmonary drug delivery for systemic absorption of macromolecules has been recently considered as one of the major noninvasive routes of drug delivery. There are numerous advantages to pulmonary administration over the more commonly used route, such as oral medication or injection. However, pulmonary absorption of some drugs is rather poor, thus requiring facilitation from active agents. Therefore understanding how absorption enhancers could be utilized safely to increase the systemic absorption and permeation of macromolecules via the respiratory system is essential to achieve a proper noninvasive drug formulation for macromolecules.