Lipocalin‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression in high‐grade endometrial cancer and their prognostic value

Aims To demonstrate lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) immunohistochemical expression together with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein in high-grade endometrial cancer and determine their correlations with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage, histological subtype, presence of vascular invasion, patient age and overall and disease-free survival. Methods and results Immunohistochemical staining was performed using LCN-2 and MMP-9 antibodies on high-grade endometrial cancer (n = 85) diagnosed at Split University Hospital Centre during 1998–2010. Immunohistochemical expression was determined on archived paraffin-embedded samples and scored semiquantitatively. Survival time was analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to assess between-group differences. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used on multivariate survival analysis. Patients were followed from the time of primary surgery until death or last follow-up until December 2012. LCN-2 and MMP-9 were highly expressed in high-grade endometrial cancer. Univariate analysis showed positive immunohistochemical staining for LCN-2 and MMP-9 to be associated with shorter survival in patients with high-grade endometrial cancer. Multivariate analysis showed LCN-2 overexpression to be associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival in high-grade endometrial cancer. Conclusions Our findings suggest that LCN-2 expression may be an important independent indicator of shorter survival in patients with high-grade endometrial cancer.