Eliminating female genital mutilation: a new rite of passage for girls in Kenya.

In Kenya the Demographic Health Survey estimates that 38% of women aged 15-49 years have undergone one form of female genital mutilation (FGM) or another. Despite an intense post-colonial debate the newly independent Kenya has not established specific laws or programs against FGM. In response the Maendelo Ya Wanawake Organization a national womens organization committed to improving the health and well-being of Kenyan women was established with the support of Program for Appropriate Technology in Health. The organization has implemented a 2-year pilot project aimed to raise awareness about the harmful effects of FGM; promote a positive image of uncircumcised girls; and develop an alternative rite of passage for girls to replace initiation by cutting. Among its activities include garnering community support; training staff and community volunteers; and raising public awareness to effect and enable behavior change. Moreover the project has incorporated strategies such as modification of education programs and working with communities to develop alternative rites of passage. Overall the project has been successful where it is attributed to the support from the local womens and international organizations and project donors who continually support the pilot project leading to behavior change.