An In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Vitex donian Crude Extract on Salmonella typhi

This research was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Vitex doniana crude extract on Salmonella typhi. The clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using agar diffusion technique. Ethanolic and acetonic crude extract produced clear zones of inhibition at concentration ranging from 50 to 150mg/ml. The Minimum inhibitory concentration was between 50 and 200mg/ml and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration was 100mg/ml. Five thousand milligram per kilogram body weight of the crude extracts were administered to the mice orally and no case of death was recorded. In vivo antimicrobial assay revealed that mice treated with crude ethanolic and acetonic extracts survived after being infected with Salmonella typhi. Similarly, untreated mice (control) died after 48 hours of inoculation with Salmonella typhi. Phytochemistry of the Vitex doniana crude extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, and steroids. Vitex doniana crude extract could be a potential agent for the treatment of disease associated with Salmonella typhi.