Estudio de la aplicación de SPCH como fertilizante y en­mienda orgánica en un suelo vitícola

At present, 306.000 Tm of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMC) are yearly produced at La Rioja. These SMC have been accumulated at opencast dumping sites, which are a serious contamination source. Nowadays, in the agriculture, different SMC are widely used to replace the soil organic matter losses, to enhance the exchangeable phosphorus and potassium, and to improve the soil porosity and its water retention. In this work, the annual application of SMC is evaluated as fertilizer and as organic amendment for vineyard soil. A experimental assay is performed with three blocks and five treatments on a Typic Haploxerepts. Two SMC: Recomposted SMC, and “Fresh” SMC (No recomposted SMC) were evaluated for three SMC total amounts: 0, 8.000 and 25.000 kg·ha (d.m.). The Organic matter, N (N-org+N-NH4), pH, electrical conductivity, extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B, among other elements, were evaluated in the soil profile. Nutrient content was not increased after two annual SMC applications on the soil for the most of nutrients. Only the higher amounts of SMC increased the available K and extractable sulphate in the upper horizon (0-30 cm). CE was also increased, although its values don’t represent a risk for the crop. However, considering the SMC amounts applied, it is neccessary the monitoring of the CE and nutrient content in the soil to evaluate the SMC potential as a fertilizer; velocity of the nutrient liberation; and the possible loss of nutrients. The SMC behaviour could be simmilar to the behaviour of a low-liberation fertilizer. Therefore, continuous applications could produce an excessive amount of nitrogen and other nutrients in the soil, which will affect the crop yield and must quality. In addition, an excessive liberation could agravate the nutrient lixiviation in vulnerable areas. Key-words: SPCH, SMC, SMS, Vitis vinifera, spent mushroom compost, spent mushroom substrate