Utilización de una estrategia multidisciplinar para definir las unidades de gestión de las orcas (Orcinus orca) al sur de España
2017
Identifying discrete, demographically independent conservation units is a key goal for management. Previous genetic work
showed similarities between killer whales from the Strait of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands, but with a weak differentiation
between places. This could result from historic gene flow and an absence of contemporary gene flow or migration between the
Canary Islands and Gibraltar. Analyses of photo-identification and individual genotypes will assess the level of contemporary
gene flow and migration between groups. A total of 26,430 dorsal fin images collected over 10 years were analyzed, showing
the presence of 47 different individuals in the Strait of Gibraltar and 16 individuals in the Canary Islands, with no matches
between areas. Group structure was analysed with Socprog, resulting in the identification of 5 pods in the Strait and 2 pods
in the Canary Islands. The temporal relationships were fitted to models calculating their lagged association rates resulting
in a social system based on Rapid Dissociation and Constant Companions and Casual Acquaintances. Mitochondrial DNA
haplotype was shared by all individuals sampled within each group (constant companions), but differed between the two
Canaries groups and between groups within the Strait (casual acquaintances), suggesting that social structure was matrifocal
and there was little or no migration between groups. Kinship analysis detected no close kin between Canaries and Gibraltar
individuals, suggesting low or no contemporary gene flow. The results suggest that the individuals from Gibraltar are a
distinct ‘conservation unit’, contributing to propose a SCI in the Strait of Gibraltar.
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