Neonatal infection-associated mortality in China, a population-based study, 2003-2008.

Objective: To examine trends in the major causes and rates of neonatal infection-associated mortality (NIMRs) in different geographical regions in China from 2003 to 2008. Methods: Neonatal mortality data collected from the Chinese National Women and Children’s Health Surveillance Network were analyzed. Results: The NIMRs declined. Pneumonia, sepsis and diarrhea were the top three infections that caused neonatal deaths. Compared to the coastal region, the relative risk (RR) of NIMRs in the remote and inland regions declined from 5.52 (95% CI: 4.05–7.52) and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.72–3.25) during 2003–2005 to 3.45 (95% CI: 2.58–4.61) and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.28–2.31) during 2006–2008, respectively. Once again, compared to the coastal region, the risk of pneumonia-specific mortality had significant regional disparities during 2006–2008 with a RR of 3.82 (95% CI: 2.74–5.32) in the remote region and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.44–2.80) in the inland region. The NIMRs in the remote region was characterized by more home deliveries and...