The Neurite-Initiating Effect of Microbial Extracellular Glycolipids

Glycolipid-type biosurfactants are known as microbial extracellular or cell-associated biosurfactants. and it is commonly isolated type of biosurfactant. Mannosylerythritol lipids, MEL-A and MELB, were produced by Candida antarctica T-34 in soybean oil with aproduction of 40 g per liter of culture broth . MEL-A and MEL-B were identified as 4-0(di-O-acetyl-di-O-alkanoyl-s-D-mannopyranosyl)-erythritol and 4-O-(mono-O-acetyl-diO-alkanoyl-s-D-mannopyranosyl)-crythritol, respectively. Polyo1 lipid was produced by Aureobasidium sp. A-21 with a productivity of about 35 g per liter of culture medium containing no CaC03 as a neutralizing agent, which is a mixture of fatty acid esters of arabitol and mannitol, and the two main components oft he lipophilic moiety of the lipids proved to be 3,5-dihydroxy-decanoic and 5-hydroxy-2-decenoic acids as identified by their lactones, (+)-3-hydroxydecan-5-olide and (R)-(-)-2-decenc-5-olide, that is, R-(-)massoilactone, respectively. Rhamnolipid was reported as a growth stimulant), having surface activity and emulsifying capability, produced in the culture broth by a hydrocarbonusing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosaS7B1, which consisted of rhamnose and s hydroxydecanoic acid. Sophorose lipid was produced by Torulopsis bombicola ATCC 22214 in a mixture of glucose and safflower oil with a production of 70 g per liter, which contains the dimeric sugar sophorose and a long-chain carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl function on the penultimate or terminal carbon. Two succinoyl trehalose lipids, STL-1