A utilização das tecnologias não invasivas no cuidado em obstetrícia na atenção ao parto e nascimento: uma revisão integrativa

Introduction: Obstetric care should be based on scientific knowledge, updates and directed to the decision-making power of women, with clarification of conduct, respect for their dignity, autonomy and freedom, as presented in the Humanization Policy for Childbirth and Birth. The rigidity of hospital norms and routines, medicalization, sometimes unnecessary interventions, the isolation of pregnant women from their relatives, disrespect for their autonomy and their rights contribute to increase maternal and perinatal risks. The hurry in the Brazilian obstetric practice in provoking the birth of children impresses in a negative conjuncture, where there is no respect for the autonomy of the woman, but the contole of time and imposition of the dynamics of labor. In order to guarantee the quality of care, a more egalitarian relationship is necessary in the caring process. The practices of pain relief in the process of birth and birth are based on the preservation of the right to autonomy, on cultural and family values. With general objectives, the non-pharmacological practices of pain relief in the parturitive process and their benefits. The use of care technologies allows the understanding and participation of the woman and even of her companion in an active way. Methodology: The present study will use as a method the Integrative Review of Literature, whose purpose is to gather and summarize the scientific knowledge already produced on the subject researched. The search was carried out in the multidisciplinary databases, Web of Science and Scopus, the specialized databases PubMed and CINAHL, the Latin American databases LATLLS and SciELO via Web of Science. Data were collected in September 2016. They The following descriptors (DeCS) were established: Labor Obstetric, Labor Pain, massage, audioanalgesia, aromatherapy. Keywords: obstetric ball, therapeutic bath, changes of position, breathing techniques, focus of attention, pain in labor. The established search strategies will be based on their combinations in the Portuguese, English, and Spanish languages. The temporal cut was the last 5 years, as of 2011 Results: The final sample for analysis consisted of 21 articles where the thematic analysis technique was used through this, they were separated into seven categories:1) The use of more than two non-pharmacological technologies in the process of childbirth and birth; 2) Aromatherapy alone or added to another technology; 3) The application of cold and or isolated heat or added to another technology; 4) The use of the Swiss ball / birthing ball alone or added to another technology; 5) Massage alone or added to another technology; 6) Acupressure isolated or added to another technology; 7) The mobility of the parturient .Conclusion: In every approach that brought this integrative review, it is possible to perceive the wide scope of the theme, offer several possibilities for the integral care of women, are low cost, can be used alone or combined without causing adverse effects, promote decrease of pain and anxiety, as well as labor time, but still little used in the Brazilian obstetric scenario.