Antibody response to influenza, tetanus and pneumococcal vaccines in HIV-seropositive individuals in relation to the number of CD4+ lymphocytes.

Objective: To establish when the formation of antibodies against T-lymphocyte-dependent and -independent antigens is impaired during HIV infection. Design: Prospective study on antibody formation before and 30 days and 60 days after vaccination with tetravalent influenza vaccine, tetanus toxoid and pneumococcal vaccine; booster with influenza vaccine was administered 30 days after initial vaccination. Setting: Outpatient clinic of University Hospital Leiden. Participants: Fifty-one HIV-infected individuals and 10 healthy controls. Results: In HIV-infected individuals with Conclusions: Influenza vaccination should not be administered to HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ counts