Highly charged ions in hot, dense plasmas

Highly‐charged ions play a critical role in hot, dense plasmas. They affect the energy balance and hydrodynamic evolution of transient plasmas. The radiation emitted by highly charged ions may be used in several practical applications, such as inertial confinement fusion, short wavelength lasers, and x‐ray sources for lithography and microscopy applications. This radiation may also be used to diagnose the conditions in plasmas, In recent years, models have been developed to describe the atomic kinetics of complex ionization states of highly charged ions in plasmas. However, reliable atomic calculations and careful experiments which test both the fundamental atomic physics and the assumptions of the plasma emission models are required.