Amantadine resistance of avian influenza of clade 2.3.2 subtype H5N1 in Indonesia

ABSTRACT The objective of research was to know the sensitivity of 2.3.2 clade of H5N1 subtype avian influenza from Indonesia isolated for drug antiviral of amantadine through molecular and invitro tests. The study was conducted by isolation and identification virus, nucleotide analysis, susceptibility to the amantadine hydrocloride in MDCK cells. The study result represented that the mean EID 50 isolates of clade 2.3.2 subtype H5N1 was determined as each of >10 8  EID 50 /ml. The analysis of phylogenetic tree of M2 gene from six viruses of clade 2.3.2 subtype H5N1 from Indonesia were closed with clade 2.3.2 subtype H5N1 avian influenza viruses from Vietnam, China, Hongkong. The substitution of M2 protein (V27I) was identified for six isolates of clade 2.3.2 subtype H5N1 isolated from Indonesia. Avian influenza of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 subtype from Indonesia produced the formation of CPE and the positive HA reaction with non-toxic concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in MDCK cells. The result of genetic analysis of M2 gene for amantadine resistance was related with the results of HA test and the formation of CPE in MDCK cells. These results established that amantadine resistance have been identified in avian influenza of clade 2.3.2 subtype H5N1 viruses isolated from Indonesia Keywords: avian influenza of clade 2.3.2, amantadine resistance, Indonesia