Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery and Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Lower Pole Renal Stones <2cm in Maximum Diameter.

CONTEXT: The optimal treatment of lower pole stones (LPS) between 1-2cm represents a point of debate among the urologists. PURPOSE: The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an answer on which is the most appropriate approach for the management of the LPS with a maximal dimension