Interference and Spoofing Detection for GNSS Maritime Applications using Direction of Arrival and Conformal Antenna Array

An international maritime measurement campaign was done to detect and record radio frequency interferences in the Satellite Navigation frequency bands. The system, installed on a large container ship, consists of a conformal seven elements antenna array, an ad-hoc data recorder system and a multi-antenna navigation receiver prototype. In this paper, the system is briefly presented, together with the proposed detection and analysis methodology. Pertinent results of measurements are shown, including detected radio frequency interferences, its characterization, impact on the receiver performance and the localization of the ship during the time. In addition an on-line calibration scheme is used to correct channel differences, hence allowing Direction of Arrival estimation of the mentioned interferences with the conformal antenna array. Moreover, a Spoofing / Repeater data analysis has been performed over some of the recorded data.