Cross-linked membranes based on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/Nafion for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs)

Abstract A series of cross-linked membranes based on SPEEK/Nafion have been prepared to improve methanol resistance and dimension stability of SPEEK membrane for the usage in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Sulfonated diamine monomer is synthesized and used as cross-linker to improve the dispersion of Nafion in the composite membranes and decrease the negative effect of cross-linking on proton conductivity of membranes. FT-IR analysis shows that the cross-linking reaction is performed successfully. The effects of different contents of Nafion on the properties of cross-linked membranes are investigated in detail. All the cross-linked membranes show lower methanol permeability and better dimensional stability compared with the pristine SPEEK membrane. SPEEK-N30 with the 30 wt % Nafion shows a methanol permeability of 0.73 × 10 −6  cm 2  s −1 and a water uptake of 24.4% at 25 °C, which are lower than those of the pristine membrane. Meanwhile, the proton conductivity of SPEEK-N30 still remains at 0.041 S cm −1 at 25 °C, which is comparable to that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. All the results indicate that these cross-linked membranes based on SPEEK/Nafion show good prospect for the use as proton exchange membranes.