Statistical Characterization of a 3-D Propagation Model for V2V Channels in Rectangular Tunnels

In this letter, we investigate the statistical characterization of a 3-D propagation model for multiple-input–multiple-output vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications inside a rectangular tunnel under nonisotropic scattering conditions. The proposed model captures the spatial, temporal, and the frequency statistical distributions of the received multipath signals. A generalized analytical expression is derived for the space–time–frequency correlation function and thoroughly investigated. We analyze the impact of various model parameters, including antenna element spacing and tunnel width, on the V2V channel statistics.