Grammars, Machines, and Immunoregulatory Cell Interactions. An Exercise in Immunosemiotics

Peirce, the co-founder with de Saussure of semiotics as an independent discipline, considered it a frame of reference encompassing all other disciplines and thus, although not explicitly mentioned, also Immunology (1). Comforted by this view we can leave to the semioticians the definition of the lower threshold of semiotics (2) and the discussion whether semiotics can be expanded to include immunology.