Conflictos entre las energías renovables y el paisaje: siete mitos y la propuesta de manejo adaptativo y colaborativo

espanolTodos los nuevos desarrollos pueden crear problemas, especialmente en lugares con alta densidad de poblacion. En el paisaje Europeo existen ya muchos tipos de usos del espacio asi como usuarios de estos paisajes. Ahora que los gobiernos tienen como uno de sus objetivos la creacion de parques eolicos, huertos solares, cultivos energeticos, etc., los confl ictos en relacion con energias renovables al nivel del paisaje se multiplican. Con diferentes tipos de usuarios de recursos locales (stakeholders) y diferentes publicos involucrados directa o indirectamente, estos confl ictos tienden a politizarse fuertemente. Esto se cristaliza en el lenguaje y el tipo de argumentos usados por los partidarios y los oponentes de desarrollos de energia renovable, donde se presentan �hechos�, cuando en realidad la ciencia es mas sutil, compleja y fragmentaria o incluso completamente ausente (patchy or altogether lacking). Esta es la forma en que, en este debate politizado, se crean mitos. En este articulo prestamos atencion a algunos de estos mitos. Si bien hay diversos e interesantes estudios empiricos relacionados con paisajes de energia renovable, nuestro objetivo es contribuir a un mejor entendimiento teorico sobre estos temas. Nuestra contribucion esta basada en dos teorias que hacen una aportacion novedosa en este debate. EnglishAny new development can create confl icts, especially in a crowded place. The European landscape already has many users and uses. Now that governments are aiming to have more wind farms, solar farms, energy crops etc., energy-landscape confl icts are growing in number. With many different stakeholders and publics being directly and indirectly involved, these confl icts can become strongly politicized. This is clearly refl ected in the language and arguments used by supporters and opponents of renewable energy developments, whereby often �facts� are presented when in reality the science is more subtle, complex, patchy or altogether lacking. This is how myths are created in this politicized debate and we draw attention to some of these. Whilst there are many interesting empirical studies appearing on energy-landscape issues, we set out to contribute a more theoretical understanding. We make a novel contribution to the debate by drawing on two theories. The theory of pastoralism is used to picture the land as unspoiled, and the theory of complex-adaptive systems is used to indicate the nature of the processes by which such problems can be overcome. We propose that individual renewable energy developments should be seen as on-going landscape experiments and that the management of these experiments needs to be both adaptive and collaborative in order to facilitate an inclusive process of learning-by-doing for all parties involved.