Parametric analysis and optimization of T-shaped and conventional deep cement mixing column-supported embankments

Abstract The aim of this article was to optimize the shape and modulus of T-shaped deep cement mixing (TDM) and conventional deep cement mixing (DCM) columns for supporting embankment over soft soil. Objective of optimization is minimizing the column costs and differential settlement while maximizing the stress efficacy. A 2D axisymmetric numerical modelling was employed to investigate the behavior of TDM and DCM column-supported embankments. The influence of each parameter of the column-embankment system (CES) on differential settlement and stress efficacies is presented and discussed. The optimization approach using a genetic algorithm (GA) combined with a response surface method (RSM) was used to find an optimal solution. The numerical optimization results show that the use of optimal TDM column can provide lower differential settlement and higher stress efficacies compared to the conventional DCM column under the same or even lower column construction costs.