Clinical and prognostic significance of the soluble form of the VISTA immunity control point in patients with primary bone tumors.

The data of a comparative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the content of the soluble form of the immunity checkpoint VISTA in the blood serum of 30 healthy donors (control group), 79 patients with primary malignant (osteosarcoma - 30, chondrosarcoma - 31, chordoma - 14) and 14 borderline (giant cell tumor) bone neoplasms are presented. In the general group of patients with malignant neoplasms of bones, the median sVISTA content in blood serum is statistically significant lower than in the control (p = 0.040). In patients with bone tumors and healthy donors over 18 years of age, there was a decrease with age in serum sVISTA levels. There were no significant differences in sVISTA concentration between patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and healthy donors. Only in patients with chordoma were sVISTA levels statistically significant lower than in controls (p = 0.013). In the groups of patients with chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma of the bone, there were no significant associations between the serum sVISTA content and the main clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease. In patients with osteosarcoma, no relationship was found between sVISTA levels and overall survival rates, while in patients with bone chondrosarcoma, there was a tendency towards a favorable prognosis with a high content of the marker in the blood serum.