Influences of sex, type and intensity of emotion in the ecognition of static and dynamic facial expressions
2013
Ecological validity of static and intense facial expressions
in emotional recognition has been questioned.
Recent studies have recommended the use of facial
stimuli more compatible to the natural conditions of
social interaction, which involves motion and variations
in emotional intensity. In this study, we compared the
recognition of static and dynamic facial expressions of
happiness, fear, anger and sadness, presented in four
emotional intensities (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %).
Twenty volunteers (9 women and 11 men), aged between
19 and 31 years, took part in the study. The experiment
consisted of two sessions in which participants had to
identify the emotion of static (photographs) and dynamic
(videos) displays of facial expressions on the computer
screen. The mean accuracy was submitted to an Anova
for repeated measures of model: 2 sexes x [2 conditions
x 4 expressions x 4 intensities]. We observed an advantage
for the recognition of dynamic expressions of happiness
and fear compared to the static stimuli (p < .05).
Analysis of interactions showed that expressions with
intensity of 25 % were better recognized in the dynamic
condition (p < .05). The addition of motion contributes
to improve recognition especially in male participants
(p < .05). We concluded that the effect of the motion
varies as a function of the type of emotion, intensity of
the expression and sex of the participant. These results
support the hypothesis that dynamic stimuli have more
ecological validity and are more appropriate to the research
with emotions.
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