Advances in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Lung complications are the main cause of morbi-mortality in patients infected with HIV. In this review, we develop an algorithm with respect to the attitude to be taken when faced with an HIV-positive patient with respiratory affliction. The diagnosis value of non-invasive techniques are evaluated, as well as the right moment to be employed, and other future possibilities. Subsequently, the invasive studies are analysed (fiberoptic bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, bronchial lavage samples). We dedicate a special section to bronchoalveolar lavage and to the test that must be carried out on the samples. Finally, the biological parameters which lead to the prognosis and/or control the treatment evolution of these patients are reviewed.