Nanopharmacology Intervention in Human Pathological Diseases

Abstract Unprecedented advances in nanoparticle research for a host of therapeutic purposes, directly or as delivery agents have revolutionized the field of medical science. The most significant aspect is to develop the disease and target-specific nanoparticles with improved efficacy, with minimal side effects. Nanopharmacology is a holistic branch of science involving the amalgamation of chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, and evaluates the interactions of nanoparticles with the living systems to render the creation of safer and efficient formulations. Over the last decade, nanoparticle-based delivery modalities such as peptides, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, liposomes, quantum dots, graphene, and metal-based nanoparticles have shown huge therapeutic potential by enhancing the pharmacokinetics of the drug and site-specific delivery. The main aim of developing these nanostructures is to understand the disease pathology and thereby enhance the therapeutic index of patients. Therefore these methods of revolutionizing the conventional drugs into nanodrugs give us the solution to the looming threat to patient's resistance to chemotherapy and antibodies. This chapter deals with the recent investigations on the concept and design of nanopharmacological carriers with the therapeutic implications in the fields of oncology, hematology, neurology, and cardiology.