In vitro and in vivo growth inhibition of human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by Guatteria megalophylla Diels (Annonaceae) leaf essential oil

Abstract Guatteria megalophylla Diels (Annonaceae) is an 8−10 m tall tree that grows near streams and is widely spread throughout Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Brazilian and Guianese Amazon rainforest. Herein, we investigated for the first time the chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia potential of G. megalophylla leaf essential oil (EO) using human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells as model. EO was obtained by a hydrodistillation clevenger-type apparatus and characterized quali- and quantitatively by GC–MS and GC–FID, respectively. In vitro cytotoxic potential of EO was evaluated in human cancer cell lines (HL-60, MCF-7 CAL27, HSC-3, HepG2 and HCT116) and in human non-cancer cell line (MRC-5) by Alamar blue method. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry for HL-60 cells treated with EO. In vivo efficacy of EO (50 and 100 mg/kg) was evaluated in C.B-17 SCID mice with HL-60 cell xenografts. Chemical composition analyses showed spathulenol, γ-muurolene, bicyclogermacrene, β-elemene and δ-elemene as main constituents of assayed sample. EO displayed in vitro cytotoxicity, including anti-leukemia effect with IC50 value of 12.51 μg/mL for HL-60 cells. EO treatment caused augment of phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation without increasing of ROS in HL-60 cells. In vivo tumor mass inhibition rates of EO was 16.6–48.8 %. These data indicate anti-leukemia potential of G. megalophylla leaf EO.