Three-dimensional printing of CaTiO3 incorporated porous β-Ca2SiO4 composite scaffolds for bone regeneration

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printed bioceramics derived from silicone are of great interest in bone tissue engineering owing to their simple processes and low cost. In this study, calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ) incorporated porous β-Ca 2 SiO 4 (C 2 S) composite scaffolds have been successfully fabricated from preceramic resin loaded with CaCO 3 and TiO 2 fillers by 3D printing. The fabricated scaffolds possessed uniform interconnected macropores (ca. 400 μm). The biocompatibility and bioactivity of the CaTiO 3 -incorporated porous C 2 S scaffolds were assessed and found that the increase of CaTiO 3 significantly decreased the dissolution of the C 2 S scaffolds, and promoted the cell proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts. Moreover, CaTiO 3 -incorporated porous C 2 S scaffolds possessed a better osteogenic capacity than pure C 2 S scaffolds in vivo. Therefore, the 3D printed CaTiO 3 incorporated porous C 2 S composite scaffolds would be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.