Biological functionalized gold nanorod molecular probe as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a biological functionalized gold nanorod molecular probe as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises: cystamine dihydrochloride substitutes for cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on the gold nanorod, and EDC/NHS is coupled with specific biomolecules to obtain the biological functionalized gold nanorod molecular probe. The biological functionalized gold nanorod molecular probe has the advantages of stable fluorescence performance, favorable biocompatibility and simple surface functionalization process, has the functions of near-infrared absorption and fluorescence emission, can label cells or tissues in a specific way, and can emit fluorescence with different colors by regulating different excitation wavelengths, thereby realizing the goal of carrying out multicolor labeling by using a single gold nanorod molecular probe. The biological functionalized gold nanorod molecular probe has strong drift resistance, and is a novel fluorescent probe which can replace the traditional fluorochrome.