Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Brain Edema

Cerebral edema, a buildup of fluid in the brain, occurs in many neurological conditions, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. It is a major, potentially life-threatening, condition. This chapter discusses the mechanisms underlying cytotoxic (parenchymal cell injury) and vasogenic (vascular injury) edema after stroke. It particularly focuses on ion and water movements within the brain under normal and pathological conditions. Therapies for brain edema are limited and have not changed substantially in decades. It is hoped that a greater understanding of underlying mechanisms will lead to new approaches.