Advanced technology in micropropagation of some important plants.

Novel methods and advanced culture systems concretely discussed in this chapter range from mutual relationship between microorganisms and plant root system, in vitro flowering, micropropagation for recalcitrant plants, synseed production, direct somatic embryogenesis and protocormlike body formation, and several applied culture systems for plant regeneration, micropropagation, and materials for genetic transformation. All of the investigations have shown to be applicable for other cultivars/varieties and been considered to undergo further researches and to be upscaled for commercial goals. Each investigation/study is presented with its materials and methods, the obtained results and suggestion for further research. Progress of plant biotechnology involved in these new methodologies has been reviewed, showing their advantages in modification of plant culture media, optimization of physical, chemical and physiological conditions for in vitro flowering, advanced micropropagation of recalcitrant plants, standardization of synseed production and preservation, applications and modification of advanced culture systems, and studies on shoot morphogenesis and regeneration, somatic embryogenesis and protocorm-like body formation. In addition to potential application and further research, a few problems that have arisen and disadvantages are also recorded with some solutions provided by presenting methodologies or other research ideas to be executed a posteri for improvement of these micropropagation methods and culture systems.