Uso de productos derivados de Bacillus thuringiensis como alternativa de control en nematodos de importancia veterinaria: Revisión

Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium that produces crystal-proteins with cytotoxic activity against insects and nematodes. B. thuringiensis toxicity on agriculture pests is widely recognized, however, there is little information about the lethal action of B. thuringiensis against nematodes. Recently, the nematicide activity of B. thuringiensis proteins was showed against Haemonchus, Teladorsagia, Nippostrongylus, and Ancylostoma genera of mammals, and against the plant parasitic nematodes, Globodera and Meloidogyne. From a list of B. thuringiensis strains with nematicide effect, selected proteins from the IB-16 isolate showed 50 to 100 % nematocidal efficacy against different developing stages of H. contortus. Additionally the in vitro assay showed evidence about the lethal activity of this strain against the free-living nematodes Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans. The Cry5B protein of B. thuringiesis caused tissue damage on the C. elegans mid-gut and its action probably involves specific gut-receptor, similar to reporte with nematodes of importance in agriculture. Also, Cry5B protein-receptors link appears to involve carbohydrate moieties on intestinal cells, and cause tissue damage and nematodes death. Through these studies, selected B. thuringiensis proteins could be considered in future trials as potential alternative tools of control against parasitic nematodes of domestic animals, such as ruminants and other pathogens of mammals and even from agriculture crops.