Research and development on total artificial heart in University of Tokyo

The research and development on the total artificial heart (TAH) in the University of Tokyo can be divided chronologically into the three stages, i.e., the first stage (1959–1970); trial and error stage to find appropriate hardwares, the second stage (1970–1985); software stage to find how to control pneumatic TAH and to manage the animals, and the third stage (1985- ); final goal to develop implantable TAH for animal and human.