Spatial, diel, and seasonal changes in the fish community structure of a Mexican tropical estuary Cambios espaciales, nictímeros y estacionales en la estructura de la comunidad de peces en un estuario tropical mexicano

To extend our knowledge about spatial and temporal variations in the structure of estuarine fish communities, diel samplings (collections every 2 h) were carried out every two months over a one-year period in two different habitats (vegetated and nonvegetated). We collected a total of 34,766 individuals, corresponding to 72 species, most of them with marine and tropical affinities. Species richness was significantly higher in the vegetated habitat, whereas abundance (number of fish) was higher in the nonvegetated habitat. The diel pattern of abundance showed peaks at dusk and dawn, whereas richness was higher at night. Seasonally, fish abundance and species richness showed peaks during January, March, and July-September, and these peaks were related to the entry of temperate species, production processes in the system, and rainfall pattern. Fish assemblages showed significant differences among habitats, day/night, and months. In the vegetated habitat, Lagodon rhomboides, Menidia beryllina, and Orthopristis chrysoptera were the predominant species. Microphagus species such as Brevoortia gunteri, Brevoortia patronus, and Mugil curema were predominant during the warm, dry season (March-May) and they were more abundant during the day. In contrast, predatory species such as Citharichthys spilopterus and Opsanus beta were more abundant during the rainy season and their capture was higher at night. The two most numerically abundant species, Anchoa mitchilli and Membras martinica, showed a twilight pattern, with abundance peaks at dusk and dawn, respectively. Hence, in Pueblo Viejo Lagoon (Mexico), the spatiotemporal changes in species composition are in part related to predator avoidance and feeding strategies, through a coupling of life histories with the diel and seasonal variation in the availability of resources, the presence of submerged vegetation playing an important role in this dynamic.