Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a menopaused woman

We report an unusual case of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a menopaused woman who had been taking estrogen hormone replacement therapy for several years. The characteristic feature of this uncommon disease is a proliferation of non-tumoral abnormal smooth muscle cells within the alveolar walls, and around the bronchi, lymph nodes and blood vessels. About twenty cases of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis have been described in menopaused women, who generally were taking estrogen hormone replacement therapy. This subpopulation does not appear to present any particular clinical, functional or radiographic features.