The recent progress of metal-halide perovskite-based tandem solar cells

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) are devices made of multiple junctions with complementary absorption ranges, aiming to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. Currently, metal-halide hybrid perovskite solar cells have risen as an ideal candidate for various tandem cells due to their high open-circuit voltage, tunable optical bandgap, low energy loss, and low-temperature solution processibility. Herein, the critical advances of perovskite-based tandem cells are presented, including perovskite–silicon, perovskite–perovskite, perovskite–copper indium gallium selenide, and perovskite–organic TSCs. Electrode engineering, interface engineering, bandgap engineering, and processing techniques are discussed in detail. The future directions and challenges of perovskite TSCs are also presented.