Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease in IUD users

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infrequent side-effect of Intrauterine device use. The cumulative discontinuation rate for PID in comparative trials ranges from 2 per 100 users, during the first year after insertion (Luukkainen et al., 1979) to 0.1 per 100 users after 2 years of IUD use (WHO, 1982), depending on the research group, the criteria for PID diagnosis, and the type of IUD.