In vitro study: conventional vs. laser (Er,Cr:YSGG) subgingival scaling and root planing; morphologic analysis and efficiency of calculus removal using macroscopic, SEM and laser scanning

ᅟ Many ways and techniques were used for subgingival calculus removal to be achieved, from scaling and root planning closed and opened technique, manual curettes, air abrasives, and finally dental lasers machines.