Reconstruction of a mandibular defect with autogenous, autoclaved bone grafts and tissue engineering: An in vivo pilot study

Reconstruction of bone defects with autogenous, autoclaved bone grafts has already been described but does have one major insuperable problem—the loss of the ostoinductive potential of the graft. In this study, we investigated if autogenous, autoclaved grafts in combination with tissue engineered bone can overcome this problem. An en-bloc resection was done in the mandible of eight pigs. The grafts were autoclaved and filled with autogenous, osseogen differentiated bone marrow cells and compared with four animals without bone marrow cells. After 120 days, the specimens were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated by means of microradiography and light microscopy. Within the experimental group, osseous remodeling was detected in all cases and new bone formation was visible. Quantitative assessment of the osseous bridging of the osteotomy sites was significantly higher in the test group in comparison with the control group (p = 0.03). The histological evaluation by means of an osseous integration of the grafts revealed a statistically significant difference between both groups as well (p = 0.01). The results of this study indicate that the method investigated hereby represents a further possibility in the therapy of bony defects, such as those arising as a result of tumor operations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010