L'urbanisme et l'architecture des villes d'Europe centrale pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle

Early 20th-century Central Europe is a territory defi ned, not by national borders, but by an intricately interwoven network of transnational metropoles – of modernizing cities – that were the principal arenas of public culture in the Habsburg Empire and the successor states that followed it. The multinational urban societies of Central Europe generated distinctive architectural ideas and techniques of city-making. But the polycentric network and vital urban culture it had fostered disappeared in the wake of World War II and the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. With the binary division of Cold War Europe, the Central European city as an object of study also disappeared from the scholarly agenda of modern architectural history. From 1945 to 1990, research on Central European modernism was bifurcated along clearly defi ned geopolitical and ideological lines. Scholarship produced in the West was largely Vienna-centric, focused on the cosmopolitan architectural culture of the imperial capital. In the East, the focus was on the territories contained by the East Bloc and on the “struggle for national autonomy” as it played out in the architectural discourses and projects of the former Empire’s national groups. With the fall of communism in Europe, information and ideas once again circulated freely throughout the region, and the history of Central European modern architecture and urbanism began to be rewritten. The new post-1990 perspectives are changing not only the architectural history of the region, but also the master narratives of international modernism. In the last decade, new topics of research focusing on territorial regimes, border conditions, temporal and spatial continuities, institutional structures, and the condition of transition itself are generating new historiographical and critical methodologies for understanding the city and modern architecture in Europe as a whole.