Integration of mud logging and wire-line logging to detect overpressure zones: a case study of middle Miocene Kareem Formation in Ashrafi oil field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt

The aim of this study is the integration of mud logging and wire-line logging data to detect overpressure zones in Kareem Formation (Middle Miocene), Ashrafi Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The study is performed for the three wells Ash_H_1X_ST2, Ash_I_1X_ST, and Ash_K_1X. The prediction of the abnormal pressure is a quite important factor in the design of the well, where it contributes to avoid many problems during the drilling process and maintain the formation fluids. The abnormal pressure zones occur due to major changes in lithology, petrophysical properties, and fluid type, where these factors lead to differences in pore pressure from hydrostatic pressure, and their prediction is achieved by utilizing rock cuttings, D-exponent, and methane gas; in addition, the porosity and water saturation are estimated from mud logging as real-time data and compared to wire-line logging (resistivity, porosity, and permeability) to determine these zones. The concept of detecting abnormal pressure zones in this study is based on defining the marked changes in the D-exponent trends that arise from the variations of the fluids and the lithology of the Kareem Formation. Therefore, these trends are integrated with the petrophysical parameters such as resistivity, porosity, and permeability from wire-line logging to detect the overpressure zones. So, the overpressure zones are detected in the intercalated sand and shale intervals of the studied wells within the Kareem Formation and are mostly marked by a decrease in the reservoir quality such as permeability, as well as an increase in the resistivity and D-exponent. The thickness of the overpressure zone in Ash_H_1X_ST2 well is influenced by the marl content that reaches up to 80%. The integration results are summarized to determine the average depths of the overpressure zones for the Kareem Formation in the three studied wells. The zone average depths in the Ash_H_1X_ST2 well range from 6022.50 to 6093.30 ft, whereas the zone top is detected in the Ash_I_1X_ST well at the top of the Kareem Formation (6580.00 ft), and the zone bottom at average depth of approximately 6704.20 ft, in addition, the zone average depths in the Ash_K_1X well range from 7718.33 (top) to 7833.33 ft (bottom).