Learning Method of Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks to Realize Various Firing Patterns using Particle Swarm Optimization

Recently it has been reported that artificial spiking neural networks (SNNs) are computationally more powerful than the conventional neural networks. In biological neural networks of living organisms, various firing patterns of nerve cells have been observed, typical examples of which are burst firings and periodic firings. In this paper we propose a learning method which can realize various firing patterns for recurrent SNNs (RSSNs). We have already proposed learning methods of RSNNs in which the learning problem is formulated such that the number of spikes emitted by a neuron and their firing instants coincide with given desired ones. In this paper, in addition to that, we consider several desired properties of a target RSNN and proposes cost functions for realizing them. Since the proposed cost functions are not differentiable with respect to the learning parameters, we propose a learning method based on the particle swarm optimization.