Bonding Corneal Tissue: Applications of Photoactivated Diazopyruvoyl Cross-linking Agent

Photoactivated bis-diazopyruvamide—N,N9-bis(3-diazopyruvoyl)-2,29-(ethylenedioxy)bis-(ethylamine), (DPD)—was previously shown to bond materials containing type I collagen. However, tensile strength of bonded collagenous tissue (~78% water) was low compared with that of dehydrated collagenous gelatin (~14% water). Here we investigated the role of water in corneal tissue bond strength and in bonding corneal tissue to glass. Bonding corneal tissue to glass may be of value in surgically anchoring keratoprostheses to corneas to alleviate problems with extrusion. Bovine corneal samples were lyophilized for various times resulting in tissue hydrations of zero (no water content) to ~3.7 (normal water content). The lyophilized corneal tissue was bonded to solid gelatin sheets, to other corneal samples and to glass using 0.3M DPD in chloroform. Control runs used chloroform only. Samples were irradiated with 100 or 200 J of 320–500 nm light. Strong bonds formed with all three materials when corneal tissue hydration was •1. No bonds or extremely weak bonds formed when tissue hydration levels were >1. No bonding occurred with chloroform alone. Formation of strong bonds only occurs with hydration levels •1 because corneal collagen fibrils are tightly packed and close enough to cross-link with the 1.78 nm long DPD.