Cinco décadas de melhoramento genético do feijão preto no Brasil

The increase in grain yield and other agronomic traits, in common bean cultivars, is due, in large part, to its genetic breeding. This study aimed at estimating the genetic progress for grain yield and other important agronomic traits in black common bean cultivars recommended by Brazilian breeding programs between 1960 and 2013. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and 40 black common bean cultivars. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield and appearance, plant architecture, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight. The genetic progress was estimated from the trait averages over the years, using bissegmented linear regression models that allowed the inference of the exact year in which the black common bean breeding began to present significant genetic progress. For grain yield, the genetic progress was observed from 1988, with an annual gain of 2.42 %. Improvements also occurred to grain appearance (1.85 %), plant architecture (1.35 %), number of pods per plant (2.36 %) and seeds per pod (2.24 %) and 1,000-seed weight (1.42 %), mainly after 1989.