Carbohydrate score and rice intake for breakfast, lunch, and dinner and impaired glucose metabolism in a working population: a cross-sectional study

Summary Background & Aim Few studies have examined the association between carbohydrate intake and diabetes with consideration to time of eating. We investigated the association of carbohydrate score and rice intake for breakfast, lunch, and dinner with impaired glucose metabolism in a Japanese working population. Methods Participants were 1416 workers (aged 18-69 years) without a history of diabetes or serious disease who participated in a health survey. Intakes of rice, bread, and noodles at each meal were ascertained using a questionnaire, and carbohydrate score was calculated from these intakes. Impaired glucose metabolism was defined by fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dl or HbA1c ≥6.0% Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of impaired glucose metabolism for quartile of carbohydrate score or rice intake for each meal with adjustment for covariates. Results Carbohydrate score and rice intake for each meal were not significantly associated with impaired glucose metabolism. However, among non-obese participants (BMI Conclusions Our results suggest that carbohydrate score and rice intake for each meal are not associated with impaired glucose metabolism. The increased odds of having impaired glucose metabolism associated with higher rice intake at dinner among non-obese participants requires further investigation.