Lower Limb Orthoses

Abstract Lower limb orthoses are used in individuals with a wide range of conditions resulting in impaired functional mobility and loss of independence. These devices are most commonly utilized to enhance stability in both standing and walking when lower extremity weakness is present, but may also be indicated when correction of a lower limb deformity is the desired outcome. Lower limb orthoses can also be used in order to stabilize a joint in the setting of ligamentous deficiency as well as provide pain relief in the setting of joint deterioration. Lower limb orthoses encompass a broad spectrum of devices ranging from simple and inexpensive devices such as a knee sleeve or accommodative foot orthotic to sophisticated and expensive devices such as a computerized knee-ankle-foot orthosis. Significant advances have occurred in the materials and fabrication techniques used for lower limb orthoses allowing braces to be both more lightweight and durable. Orthoses incorporating microprocessor joint control are available, and it is anticipated that further advances will continue in the future. Despite these technology advances and the wide variety of available lower limb orthoses, clinical decision-making remains challenging because of the lack of comparative effectiveness research to guide orthosis selection. .