Personajes de la historia argentina y memoria colectiva en estudiantes en formación militar

espanolAbric (2005) postula el enfoque estructural de las representaciones sociales (RS), entendiendo que una representacion es construida por un conjunto de creencias, informaciones y actitudes sobre un objeto social. La organizacion de una RS se forma alrededor de un nucleo central, constituyendose en uno o mas elementos que dan significado a la representacion. El objetivo general de este estudio es indagar la estructura representacional a traves de la mencion de personajes de la historia nacional que hacen estudiantes militares del Ejercito, la Armada y la Escuela Naval. Asimismo, se propuso explorar en diferencias en funcion de la fuerza de pertenencia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de diferencias entre grupos, de diseno no experimental transversal, con poblacion militar argentina (901 cadetes). Se utilizo un cuestionario auto-administrado- version modificada del cuestionario disenado por Liu et al. (2005)-, cuya aplicacion fue colectiva, anonima y voluntaria. Para el analisis de los datos, se recurrio al enfoque estructural de las RS (Abric, 2005, 2001) y el tratamiento de los datos se realizo con el software "Evoc" (Verges, 1994) organizando las evocaciones en base a jerarquias entendidas como frecuencia y orden de la evocacion. La literatura precedente da cuenta de algunas tendencias que se ratifican a la hora de recordar a los personajes significativos de la historia. Una de ellas es el denominado sesgo belico que postula que los hechos relevantes de la historia son los que tienen a la violencia como fenomeno central, y cuyo resultado es el recordar como eventos significativos las guerras y sus fenomenos asociados. Los resultados muestran que el hecho de ser militar influye el proceso de recuerdo ya que hay una elevada cantidad de personajes evocados, que bajo un rol militar, tuvieron una funcion destacada en algun tipo de conflicto belico. De esta manera, ademas del sesgo belico la pertenencia al colectivo militar acentua el recuerdo de personajes ligados a situaciones y enfrentamientos vinculados a esta tematica. EnglishAbric (2005) postulated the structural approach within the central core theory of the SR, understanding that a representation is constructed by a set of beliefs, information, opinions and attitudes about a particular social object. These elements are organized, structured, and constitute a system specific cartoons. The structural approach considers that the organization of a social representation is a specific feature, and is to organized around a central core, becoming in one or more elements that give meaning to the representation. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the representational structure of the characters of national history. Also arises to explore whether there are differences in the reprensentacional structure on the basis of the force to which students belong (Army, Navy, Air Force). It is a descriptive study of differences between groups, of transverse non-experimental design, with argentine military population corresponding to students in military training of officers of the three forces (901 cadets). It was used a self-administered questionnaire, which is a modified version of the questionnaire designed by Liu et al. (2005), whose application was voluntary, anonymous and collective. To the analysis, the structural approach of the theory of the central core of the SR (Abric, 2005, 2001) was used, and the processing of the data was performed with the software "Evoc" (Verges, 1994) organizing the evocations based on hierarchies understood as frequency and order of the evocation. The findings of this study allow to arrive at conclusions that are structured according to the findings of previous studies on collective memory and history RS. The preceding literature gives an account of some trends that are ratified at the time remember the significant characters of the story. One of them is the so-called war slant which postulates that the relevant facts of history are those with violence as a central phenomenon, and the result is remembering significant events as wars and their associated events. It can be seen that the fact of being so determines the process of memory (that it is individual), is influenced by the membership. This study holds that there are a high number of evocations related to armed confrontations and with its characters, which under military role, had a leading role in some kind of war. In this way, in addition to military bias as a trend in itself explanatory of this phenomenon, there is a belonging to collective military that accentuates the memory of characters linked to situations and confrontations linked to this theme as for example Belgrano, Rosas or Sarmiento. Analyzing the membership of a Force, and comparing the data between the three institutes, there are expected differences, which would account for the third hypothesis of the model, since belonging to each of the forces would be an organizing principle that shapes the SR. Following the three-phase model of the RS, the first hypothesis would be represented at the congruence of emergence of various characters (for example in the central core: Belgrano, Rosas and Sarmiento). The military field where the participants are inserts becomes relevant to this social group at the time to perceive and interpret reality, doing outgoing social identity: being military