Xylanolytic anaerobic thermophiles from Icelandic hot-springs

Anaerobic enrichment cultures inoculated with neutral and alkaline (pH 7.0–9.0) sediment and biomat samples from hot-springs in Hverđagerdi and Fluđir, Iceland, were screened for growth on beech xylan from pH 8.0 to 10.0 at 68° C: no growth occured in cultures above pH 8.4. Five anaerobic xylanolytic bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures at pH 8.4; all five microbes were Gram-positive rods with terminal spores, and produced CO2, H2, acetate, lactate and ethanol from xylan and xylose. One of the isolates, strain A2, grew from 50 to 75° C, with optimum growth near 68° C, and from pH 5.2 to 9.0 with an optimum between 6.8 and 7.4. Taxonomically, strain A2 was most similar to Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. At pH 7.0, the supernatant xylanases of strain A2 had a temperature range from 50 to 78° C with an optimum between 68 and 78° C. At 68° C, xylanase activity occurred from pH 4.9 to 9.1, with an optimum from pH 5.0 to 6.6. At pH 7.0 and 68° C, the Km of the supernatant xylanases was 2.75 g xylan/l and the Vmax was 2.65 × 10−6 kat/l culture supernatant. When grown on xylose, xylanase production was as high as when grown on xylan.