PHY Abstraction Techniques for V2X Enabling Technologies: Modeling and Analysis

IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X are the current wireless standards of interest to enable connected and autonomous driving. The specification for their follow up generations, i.e., IEEE 802.11bd and NR-V2X are being developed and expected to be completed soon. To evaluate and compare the performance of these technologies, system-level studies are required to be carried out for various channel conditions and reliability requirements. However, these studies are time-intensive and require highly complex computations, if they are performed using link-level simulators. Therefore, the physical layer performance is usually abstracted using a link quality model, also known as Physical layer abstraction (PLA). For this purpose, we present novel PLA techniques to model different fading and interference effects for considered technologies. Further, we compare the performance of PLA techniques in terms of estimation accuracy against physical layer simulations. The results show that the estimated packet error rate (PER) by proposed PLA methods are close to the results obtained through physical layer simulations. Besides, we compare the performance of all considered technologies (i.e., IEEE 802.11p, LTE-V2X, IEEE 802.11bd, and NR-V2X) in terms of data rates, latency, and reliability. The results indicate that NR-V2X is superior in terms of average data rates compared to other technologies. In contrast, IEEE 802.11bd has lower transmission latency and higher reliability compared to other technologies.