Reconstruction of former channel systems in the northwestern Nile Delta (Egypt) based on corings and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)
2021
Abstract. The current state of research about ancient settlements within the
Nile Delta allows the hypothesizing of fluvial connections to ancient settlements
all over the Nile Delta. Previous studies suggest a larger Nile branch close
to Kom el-Gir, an ancient settlement hill in the northwestern Nile Delta.
To contribute new knowledge to this little-known site and prove this
hypothesis, this study aims at using small-scale paleogeographic
investigations to reconstruct an ancient channel system in the surroundings
of Kom el-Gir. The study pursues the following: (1) the identification of sedimentary
environments via stratigraphic and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses of the sediments, (2) the
detection of fluvial elements via electrical resistivity tomography (ERT),
and (3) the synthesis of all results to provide a comprehensive
reconstruction of a former fluvial network in the surroundings of Kom
el-Gir. Therefore, auger core drillings, pXRF analyses, and ERT were conducted to examine the sediments within
the study area. Based on the evaluation of the results, the study presents
clear evidence of a former channel system in the surroundings of Kom el-Gir.
Thereby, it is the combination of both methods, 1-D corings and 2-D ERT
profiles, that derives a more detailed illustration of previous
environmental conditions which other studies can adopt. Especially within
the Nile Delta which comprises a large number of smaller and larger ancient
settlement hills, this study's approach can contribute to paleogeographic
investigations to improve the general understanding of the former fluvial
landscape.
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